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Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis & Treatment
We’ve all had those days: forgetting the keys, misplacing the wallet. But have you ever forgotten the face of a loved one? Or the location of your home? That is the reality for patients living with Alzheimer’s Disease, which is the leading cause of dementia. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder composed of three main… Continue reading
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Mechanism of Mineral Bone Disease in CKD
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) is a complex and systemic complication that arises as kidney function declines. [1] It’s a web of interconnected abnormalities. It involves mineral metabolism (calcium, phosphorus), hormones (parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and Fibroblast Growth Factor 23), and bone health. But, these abnormalities are not a single disease. They lead… Continue reading
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Human Metapneumovirus: Everything You Need to Know as a Medical Student
With rising social media chatter and videos of crowded hospitals, human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has suddenly become the topic of public concern. People fear that HMPV could be the next COVID-19. But how real is the threat? Should we worry? Let’s break it down—whether you’re a curious medical student or just someone trying to understand the… Continue reading
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How Does Diabetes Mellitus Cause Cataracts ?
Diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 can cause cataracts. In this article, we are going to take a look at the mechanism by which diabetes causes cataracts. The diabetic cataract mechanism involves the aldose reductase pathway. What happens in a Healthy Individual? The following figure shows what happens when a healthy individual eats a high… Continue reading
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Development of Acidosis In Acute Alcohol Intoxication
Acute alcohol intoxication can lead to acidosis. The physiological pH in blood should be maintained between 7.35 and 7.45. If the pH reduces below this level, it is known as acidosis. In this article, we discuss how acute alcohol intoxication can lead to acidosis. Alcohol by itself does not have a significant effect on the… Continue reading
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Treatment Options For Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a disease that requires long-term treatment in accordance with medical advice. With proper treatment, full or near normalcy can be achieved. Topical Ointments “Avoid using topical ointments without the advice of a physician who is treating your condition. Simultaneous cessation of long-term use of ointments can exacerbate the disease. Consult a doctor when… Continue reading