-
Brachial plexus
The brachial plexus is a complex network of nerves that originates from the anterior (ventral) primary rami of C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1 spinal nerves. It plays a vital role in the innervation of the upper limb. Let’s explore the anatomy and components of the brachial plexus in more detail: Anatomy of the Brachial Continue reading
-
The Venous Drainage of the Upper Limb
The venous drainage of the upper limb is a crucial component of the circulatory system. It involves two primary venous systems: the deep veins and the superficial veins. In this article, we will explore the anatomy and characteristics of these venous systems and their role in draining blood from the upper limb. Deep Veins Deep Continue reading
-
Histology Basics
Histology slides provide valuable insights into their structure, composition, and cellular organization. In this article, we will guide you through the process of identifying and describing histology slides effectively. From recognizing tissue types and cellular components to understanding staining techniques and interpreting key features, we will provide you with practical tips and terminology to enhance Continue reading
-
Inhalers and Spacer Devices – Everything you need to know
Inhalers are devices used to deliver medication directly into the lungs for the treatment of respiratory diseases. They are commonly used to treat conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other lung diseases. Inhalers work by delivering medication in aerosol form, which is inhaled into the lungs through the mouth or nose. Continue reading
-
-
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) AKA Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (HMP Shunt) sounds complicated. But, it’s a series of chemical reactions that cells use to process sugars. Let’s break it down into simple, easy-to-follow steps. There are two main parts: the oxidative pathway and the non-oxidative pathway. Each plays a unique role in keeping your cells Continue reading
-
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes that are responsible for the production of energy in the form of ATP. Proteins facilitate the transport of ATP, ADP, and Pi in and out of the cell. Additionally, NADH enters through two shuttle systems. One simpler method involves the transporter for malate, bringing Continue reading
-
Kreb’s Cycle
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a vital part of cellular metabolism. It is an aerobic pathway that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and on the inner mitochondrial membrane. The cycle links carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism and is considered an amphibolic and anaplerotic Continue reading
-
Glycogenesis
Glycogenesis is the process by which glucose is stored in the form of glycogen, mainly in the liver and muscle. The glycogen stored in the liver is used for glucose homeostasis, while that stored in muscle is mainly for its own use. The process of glycogenesis occurs in the cytosol and requires ATP. It is Continue reading
